Descriere: In a complex and uncertain world, humans and animals make decisions under the constraints of limited knowledge, resources, and time. Yet models of rational decision making in economics, cognitive science, biology, and other fields largely ignore these real constraints and instead assume agents with perfect information and unlimited time. About forty years ago, Herbert Simon challenged this view with his notion of "bounded rationality." Today, bounded rationality has become a fashionable term used for disparate views of reasoning.This book promotes bounded rationality as the key to understanding how real people make decisions. Using the concept of an "adaptive toolbox," a repertoire of fast and frugal rules for decision making under uncertainty, it attempts to impose more order and coherence on the idea of bounded rationality. The contributors view bounded rationality neither as optimization under constraints nor as the study of people's reasoning fallacies. The strategies in the adaptive toolbox dispense with optimization and, for the most part, with calculations of probabilities and utilities. The book extends the concept of bounded rationality from cognitive tools to emotions; it analyzes social norms, imitation, and other cultural tools as rational strategies; and it shows how smart heuristics can exploit the structure of environments.
Autori: Gerd Gigerenzer (Editor) | Editura: MIT PR | Anul aparitiei: 2002 | ISBN: 9780262571647 | Categorie: Psychology
Jenara Nerenberg (Author)
Trust Your Mind: Embracing Nuance in a World of Self-Silencing
1,An urgent examination of self-silencing culture and the toxic impact of groupthink, by the author of Divergent Mind and founder of The Neurodiversity Project. Nerenberg empowers readers with tools to understand the mind and navigate an increasingly polarized world, from campuses and workplaces, to the media and beyond.Connected across geography and culture via the internet, the world is both a vast, limitless landscape and an ever-shrinking echo chamber. Communication, especially discourse over free speech, is becoming increasingly divisive; one person's right to speak comes into conflict with another seeking to prevent harm. Our tolerance for differing opinions is also narrowing. A "wrong" remark or comment, no matter how seemingly innocent, can result in banishment, and contradictory ideas spark hysteria and backlash--what is referred to as "cancel culture." This polarization affects everyone of us--among friends and families, workplaces and communities--and threatens the fabric of society.In this timely book, Jenara Nerenberg analyzes this phenomenon of "self-silencing," asking potent questions about how harmful groupthink has become accepted. Applying her expertise in ...
Andy J. Merolla (Author)
The Social Biome: How Everyday Communication Connects and Shapes Us
9, A deep dive into the importance of daily communication and how we can harness its power to create a better life We spend much of our waking lives communicating with others. How does each moment of interaction shape not only our relationships but also our worldviews? And how can we create moments of connection that improve our health and well-being, particularly in a world in which people are feeling increasingly isolated? Drawing from their extensive research, Andy J. Merolla and Jeffrey A. Hall establish a new way to think about our relational life: as existing within "social biomes"--complex ecosystems of moments of interaction with others. Each interaction we have, no matter how unimportant or mundane it might seem, is a building block of our identities and beliefs. Consequently, the choices we make about how we interact and who we interact with--and whether we interact at all--matter more than we might know. Merolla and Hall offer a sympathetic, practical guide to our vital yet complicated social lives and propose realistic ways to embrace and enhance connection and hope.
Jasper A. J. Smits (Author)
There can be no better example of mind/body integration than the use of exercise to improve mental h